MCP Server开发实践

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MCP Server开发实践

上一篇文章我们介绍了MCP的基本原理，但是对于开发者来说更关心如何实现我们的自己的MCP Server，接下来我们将使用MCP提供的java sdk和spring-ai来实现一个MCP Server。

构建Spring Boot服务

技术选型：

  • Spring Boot 3.4.2，因为Spring AI支持的Spring Boot版本为3.4.x

Spring AI supports Spring Boot 3.4.x. When Spring Boot 3.5.x is released, we will support that as well.

  • JDK 17，Spring Boot3需要使用JDK 17
  • spring-ai-mcp-server-webmvc-spring-boot-starter 1.0.0-M6，Spring AI支持三种方式提供服务，这里采用webmvc
    • Standard Input/Output (STDIO) - spring-ai-starter-mcp-server
    • Spring MVC (Server-Sent Events) - spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webmvc
    • Spring WebFlux (Reactive SSE) - spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webflux
  • httpclient5，将现有服务的HTTP接口暴露为MCP Server

pom.xml文件示例：

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<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.2</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>
    <!-- MCP -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-ai-mcp-server-webmvc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-M6</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Lombok -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Apache HttpClient -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.client5</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpclient5</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.core5</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpcore5</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents.core5</groupId>
        <artifactId>httpcore5-h2</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Boot Starter -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

MCP配置

  • application.yml
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spring:
  application:
    name: mcp-name
  ai:
    mcp:
      server:
        name: mcp-name
        version: 1.0.0
        type: SYNC
        sse-endpoint: /sse
  • Server实现，这里直接通过转发的方式将现有的HTTP接口暴露为MCP Server
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/**
 * @date 2025/03/27 14:52
 **/
@Service
public class SmdMcpService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Value("${smd.service.url}")
    private String smdServiceUrl;

    @Tool(name = "getSmdInfo", description = "获取表结构信息")
    public String getSmdInfo(@ToolParam(description = "业务系统") String businessSystem,
                             @ToolParam(description = "表名") Set<String> tableNames) {
        Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("businessSystem", businessSystem);
        params.put("tableNames", tableNames);

        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.postForEntity(
                smdServiceUrl + "/mcp/api/getSmdInfo",
                params,
                String.class);
        return response.getBody();
    }

    @Tool(name = "getCRUDCode", description = "根据表名生成增删改查代码")
    public List<Map<String, Object>> getCRUDByTable(@ToolParam(description = "业务系统") String businessSystem,
                                    @ToolParam(description = "表名") Set<String> tableNames,
                                    @ToolParam(description = "模块名，非必填") String moduleName
                                 ) {
        Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
        params.put("businessSystem", businessSystem);
        params.put("tableNames", tableNames);
        params.put("moduleName", moduleName);
        params.put("author", "smd-mcp");

        HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> httpEntity =  new HttpEntity<>(params);
        ResponseEntity<List<Map<String, Object>>> response = restTemplate.exchange(
                smdServiceUrl + "/mcp/api/crud",
                HttpMethod.POST,
                httpEntity,
                new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<Map<String, Object>>>() {});
        return response.getBody();
    }
}
  • 将对应服务暴露为Mcp Tools
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/**
 * MCP配置类
 *
 * @author AI Assistant
 * @date 2024/03/21
 */
@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class McpConfig {

    @Bean
    public ToolCallbackProvider smdToolCallbackProvider(SmdMcpService smdMcpService, RulesMcpService rulesMcpService) {
        return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder()
                .toolObjects(smdMcpService, rulesMcpService)
                .build();
    };
}

测试MCP

使用支持MCP的客户端进行测试，客户端支持情况可查看：https://modelcontextprotocol.io/clients

这里使用Cursor进行测试：

配置mcp.json

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{
    "mcpServers": {
      "mcp-name": {
        "url": "http://localhost:8089/sse",
        "env": {
          "API_KEY": "value"
        }
      }
    }
  }

配置后即可看到MCP Server提供的Tools，如下图所示：
Cursor MCP配置.png

MCP思考

MCP 还处于发展初期，现阶段更重要的是生态构建，基于统一标准下构筑的生态也会正向的促进整个领域的发展。

对于普通开发者我们可以直接使用已有的MCP工具平台：https://mcp.so/

对于企业，我们可以通过代理的方式将已有HTTP接口暴露为MCP Server：

  • 零侵入改造：无需修改原有HTTP服务代码即可获得MCP能力
  • 跨模型兼容：让原本不支持MCP的传统服务获得与大模型生态无缝对接的能力
  • 低成本投入：已有业务接入MCP生态的改造周期大幅缩短

后续考虑将其做成MCP代理服务，通过简单配置即可将已有业务转换为MCP Server，为AI智能体打开潘多拉的魔盒

参考文档：

  • https://modelcontextprotocol.io/sdk/java/mcp-server
  • https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/api/mcp/mcp-server-boot-starter-docs.html
  • https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/getting-started.html
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